Which group is required to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)?

The requirement to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) extends to all manufacturers of medications and medical devices. This adherence ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards, which is critical for safeguarding public health.

GMP regulations are aimed at minimizing the risks involved in pharmaceutical production that cannot be eliminated through testing the final product alone. This includes aspects like quality management, personnel, facilities and equipment, production, and quality control. All manufacturers in this realm are mandated to adhere to these standards to ensure that their products are safe, effective, and of good quality.

In contrast, while pharmaceutical developers may be included, the broader category encompassing all manufacturers better captures the full scope of entities affected by GMP compliance. Retailers primarily focus on selling products that have already been manufactured and regulated and therefore may not fall under GMP guidelines in the same way. Laboratories conducting clinical trials are subject to different sets of regulations pertaining to research and not specifically GMP. This distinction highlights why the correct answer includes all manufacturers rather than just a subset or specialized groups.